The benzene ring is very important in organic chemistry. Compounds with a benzene ring are called aromatic compounds. The benzene ring contains a lot of electrons. This is the so-called electron-rich state, where the electrons in the benzene ring can react with other molecules to cause an organic chemical reaction. This is called an electrophilic […]
An important element in organic chemistry is the influence of substituents. The properties of a molecule change depending on what functional group is attached to the alkyl chain or benzene ring. Two particularly important effects of the substituents are the inductive effect (I effect) and the resonance effect (R effect). The acidity of the molecule […]
Essential knowledge in organic chemistry is resonance. Molecules can write a resonance structure if there is a double or triple bond. Electrons don’t stay in one place; they move around in many places. As a result, a single molecule can have various structural formulas. When learning about resonance, some people may have the image of […]
When molecules form bonds, they need to follow laws. Atoms are not free to make bonds with each other. There is an octet rule for molecules to form bonds. In both high school and college chemistry, you have to think of the electrons in the molecule that satisfy the octet rule. By considering the octet […]
In both physical and organic chemistry, it’s important to understand the state of atoms. We learn how atoms bond with each other to form molecules. Knowing the state of these bonds allows us to understand how the synthetic reactions of organic compounds proceed. The bonding of molecules is known as HOMO and LUMO. These are […]
One of the things we learn in physical and organic chemistry is the state of electron orbitals. By learning how electrons exist, you will be able to understand the state of molecules. However, the electron states studied in quantum mechanics are abstract and unusually difficult to understand. For example, there are many people who try […]
In organic chemistry, it is important to determine the state of the electrons. This is because the movement of electrons causes reactions to occur between organic compounds. However, when studying organic chemistry in advanced academic institutions such as universities, there is one thing that many people do not understand: electron orbitals. This is because the […]
When studying chemistry in college, one thing that many people do not understand is the σ bond (sigma bond) and the π bond (pi bond). Because we don’t understand the meaning of these two bonds, we cannot understand what the professor is talking about in the lecture. Essentially, the concept of σ-bonds and π-bonds is […]
