Compounds with a C=O structure are carbonyl compounds, and there are many types of carbonyl compounds. Among these carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds that can be synthesized from carboxylic acids are called carboxylic acid derivatives. There are different types of carboxylic acid derivatives, such as acyl chloride, acid anhydride, esters, and amides. Each has different reactivity […]
There are many compounds that have ketones and aldehydes as functional groups. They are also known as carbonyl and formyl groups and are important functional groups because they cause many types of chemical reactions. Ketones and aldehydes are highly reactive, so if no measures are taken, the carbonyl carbon will undergo nucleophilic attack, and the […]
It is important to understand how the different functional groups react with each other in the synthesis. Among these functional groups, ketones and aldehydes are known to be two of the most important functional groups. Ketones are called carbonyl groups, and aldehydes are called formyl groups. What they have in common is that they both […]
Organic compounds often have benzene rings, and synthetic reactions of aromatic compounds are very important. Aromatic rings are highly stable and usually do not react chemically. In some cases, however, it is possible to replace substituents on the aromatic rings. This is called nucleophilic aromatic substitution. If a leaving group is present in the benzene […]
There are so many compounds with benzene rings. Benzene rings are called aromatics, and compounds with a benzene ring are aromatic compounds. A molecule with double bonds is a benzene ring. However, a benzene ring undergoes an entirely different chemical reaction than an alkene. Benzene rings are electron-rich like alkenes, but they do not undergo […]
If you understand the properties of functional groups, you will be able to understand how to make chemical reactions. And an important functional group in organic chemistry is the amine. There are so many molecules with amines, and it is one of the most common substituents. Amino groups are known to be basic substances and […]
The synthetic reaction to create new carbon is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry. When making new carbon chains, the presence of anions (negatively charged ions) of carbon is very useful. These anion compounds include organometallic compounds. Because they are anionic carbon atoms, organometallic compounds are strong bases. Anions also act as […]
One of the important reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry is the radical reaction. Radicals are highly reactive intermediates, and new bonds can be formed by using radical reactions. Radical reactions are a different reaction mechanism from the general organic synthetic reactions with acids and bases. It is difficult for many people to understand a radical […]
Organic compounds that have a hydroxy group (-OH) are called alcohol. For ordinary people, alcohol refers to ethanol, and many people get drunk by drinking beverages containing ethanol. However, in organic chemistry, we describe alcohol as including compounds with hydroxy groups. There are many compounds that contain alcohols, and alcohols can be synthesized into a […]
There are many organic compounds that involve oxygen atoms. Among these compounds, ethers are the functional groups in which carbon atoms are connected by oxygen atoms. There are only a few types of important organic reactions using ethers, and all you have to do is understand the cleavage reaction under acidic conditions. In other words, […]
