Hatsudy

In organic chemistry, we need to understand how the conformation works. This is because organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure, not a planar one. By studying stereochemistry, you can predict whether a chemical reaction will proceed or not. Also, even the same molecule has different conformations. The energies are different depending on where the substituents […]

Acids and bases are important elements in organic chemistry. The presence of acids and bases allows the synthetic reactions of compounds to proceed through the movement of electrons. In other words, without acids and bases, organic synthesis reactions would not occur. Therefore, we must understand the definitions of acids and bases in advance. We need […]

It is common for some organic compounds to have double bonds. Instead of having only single bonds as an alkane, it is common for the molecule to be an alkene. Double bonds can be created by organic synthesis. One way to do this is through elimination reactions. By reacting with a basic reagent, it is […]

The SN1 and SN2 reactions are two methods that are frequently used in synthetic reactions in organic chemistry. They are convenient synthetic reactions that all organic chemists are sure to use them. The SN1 and SN2 reactions are synthetic reactions, called nucleophilic substitution reactions, in which the substituents are swapped. However, the reaction mechanism differs […]

Every organic compound has a name. However, if you do not know the rules for naming them, you will not be able to find the compounds. In such a case, there is a unified rule for naming compounds. This is called the IUPAC nomenclature. Let’s follow the IUPAC nomenclature to understand how to name compounds. […]

When understanding the synthetic reaction mechanism of organic chemistry, an important factor is the stability of the carbocation. Since carbocation is an unstable substance, it reacts quickly. However, the stability of carbocations varies depending on the molecular structure. It is very important to understand this difference, because if the stability of the carbocation changes, the […]

The benzene ring is very important in organic chemistry. Compounds with a benzene ring are called aromatic compounds. The benzene ring contains a lot of electrons. This is the so-called electron-rich state, where the electrons in the benzene ring can react with other molecules to cause an organic chemical reaction. This is called an electrophilic […]

An important element in organic chemistry is the influence of substituents. The properties of a molecule change depending on what functional group is attached to the alkyl chain or benzene ring. Two particularly important effects of the substituents are the inductive effect (I effect) and the resonance effect (R effect). The acidity of the molecule […]

Essential knowledge in organic chemistry is resonance. Molecules can write a resonance structure if there is a double or triple bond. Electrons don’t stay in one place; they move around in many places. As a result, a single molecule can have various structural formulas. When learning about resonance, some people may have the image of […]

When molecules form bonds, they need to follow laws. Atoms are not free to make bonds with each other. There is an octet rule for molecules to form bonds. In both high school and college chemistry, you have to think of the electrons in the molecule that satisfy the octet rule. By considering the octet […]