Hatsudy

One way to create a new carbon chain is through synthetic reactions using enolates. One of the organic chemical syntheses with enolates is Claisen condensation. In Claisen condensation, molecules with esters react with enolates. As a result, new carbonyl compounds can be obtained. When Claisen condensation occurs intramolecularly, it is called Dieckmann condensation (intramolecular Claisen […]

A synthetic reaction to create a new carbon chain is the use of enol and enolate. The α-carbon of the carbonyl group (the carbon next to the carbonyl carbon) plays an important role, and due to its high acidity, the proton (H+) is pulled out by the base. Therefore, the carbon next to the carbonyl […]

Catalytic hydrogenation is a technique that can reduce compounds by a simple experimental procedure. Catalytic hydrogenation is also known as catalytic reduction. Catalytic hydrogenation is a method of reacting with hydrogen (H2). Catalytic reduction causes hydrogen to be added to the compound, and the molecule’s shape is changed. In catalytic reduction, the reagent used is […]

It is important in organic chemistry to change the form of the functional group to get the substituent you want. When you perform a synthetic reaction, you have to synthesize a compound that has the functional group you want. One of those synthetic reactions is carbonyl reduction. Among the reduction reactions, the reduction of carbonyl […]

The addition of carbon chains to molecules is important when synthesizing compounds in organic chemistry. One such synthetic reaction is the Wittig reaction. In the Wittig reaction, a carbonyl group (ketone) or a formyl group (aldehyde) can be converted to alkenes. This means that C=O can be converted to C=C. A frequently used synthetic reaction […]

In organic chemistry, synthetic reactions are often carried out by acids and bases. The reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base creates new bonds. So when a compound reacts chemically, what kind of atoms bond with each other? In this regard, the HSAB theory (or HSAB principle) helps us to predict where compounds […]

Compounds with a C=O structure are carbonyl compounds, and there are many types of carbonyl compounds. Among these carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds that can be synthesized from carboxylic acids are called carboxylic acid derivatives. There are different types of carboxylic acid derivatives, such as acyl chloride, acid anhydride, esters, and amides. Each has different reactivity […]

There are many compounds that have ketones and aldehydes as functional groups. They are also known as carbonyl and formyl groups and are important functional groups because they cause many types of chemical reactions. Ketones and aldehydes are highly reactive, so if no measures are taken, the carbonyl carbon will undergo nucleophilic attack, and the […]

It is important to understand how the different functional groups react with each other in the synthesis. Among these functional groups, ketones and aldehydes are known to be two of the most important functional groups. Ketones are called carbonyl groups, and aldehydes are called formyl groups. What they have in common is that they both […]

Organic compounds often have benzene rings, and synthetic reactions of aromatic compounds are very important. Aromatic rings are highly stable and usually do not react chemically. In some cases, however, it is possible to replace substituents on the aromatic rings. This is called nucleophilic aromatic substitution. If a leaving group is present in the benzene […]